THEORETICAL MODELS OF TERRORISM AND PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTION STRATEGIES FOR VICTIMS OF TERRORIST ATTACKS

Abstract

The issue of terrorism has become a major concern for governments and societies around the world due to its devastating effects on human lives and social stability. This paper provides a conceptual review of different models of terrorism, including the Four Waves of Terrorism, Frustration Aggression Theory, Greed and Grievances Theory, General Strain Theory, Social Reaction Theory, The Philosophical Theory of Religion as a Theory of Terrorism, Globalization Theory and theories unique to domestic terrorism. The objectives of this review are to provide an in-depth understanding of the theoretical frameworks that can be used to explain the dynamics of terrorism and its impact on individuals and communities. The empirical review examines the methods used to study terrorism and its effects on victims. The review also explores the impact of terrorism on the wellbeing of the people and the psychological interventions that are available for victims of terrorist attacks, including trauma-focused therapy, cognitive-behavioural therapy, and group counselling. The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of psychological interventions in supporting victims of terrorist attacks and promoting community resilience. It emphasizes the need for a holistic approach that integrates psychological interventions with social, economic, and political strategies to address the root causes of terrorism and prevent future attacks.